2.2. Study participants
40 subjects were enrolled in each of the four s including.
The UHR group was made up of people who satisfied at least one of the following three Structured Inventory of Prodromal Syndrome (SIPS) diagnostic criteria but did not actively seek out clinical assistance, (1) Attenuated positive symptom states (APS), including sub threshold delusional abnormalities; (2) Brief intermittent psychotic states (BIPS); and (3) Genetic risk together with exacerbation status (GRDS). The specific operation process is as follows. Patients with schizophrenia were identified in outpatient clinics, wards, or in the community according to ICD-10 criteria, and if any first-degree relatives (parents, children, siblings) of the patient were between the ages of 15 and 45, they were contacted by the investigator, and if the family members of these patients with schizophrenia agreed to participate in the study, the investigator interviewed these family members and made assessment for them. All enrollees were evaluated at the first meeting using the SIPS to determine if they met the criteria for prodromal syndrome (COPS). Those who met COPS as assessed by the SIPS were defined as having a psychiatric risk syndrome for inclusion in the study. In short, 38 subjects satisfied the SIPS criterion for APS, 2 subjects met the SIPS GRDS requirements, and no subjects met the BIPS criteria. Patients in the UHR group were all drug naive.
The recruitment process for the FEP is as follows. Patients with a first-time diagnosis of schizophrenia on the basis of ICD-10 in the community, outpatient or inpatient units were reported to our researchers by their treating physicians, and our study proceeded to further confirm that such patients were in their first episode, that the duration of the illness was within one year, and that the family was willing to enroll the patient in our FEP.
The enrollment procedure for the ReSch group is similar to that for the FEP, except that the ReSch has two or more episodes and the disease duration is greater than 1 year.
HC group was recruited by posting advertisements in the community, and the diagnosis by the psychiatrist ruled out a history of diagnosis or treatment history of psychiatric disorders and had no positive psychiatric family history.
All participants were aged 15-45 years, able to sign an informed consent form, were compliant with the study arrangements, were able to understand the content of the questionnaire and could cooperate to complete all the test examinations. Participants were excluded from this study if (1) patients with severe or unstable physical diseases, (2) patients with previous epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, or other central nervous system organic diseases; (3) persons who are or have been dependent on or abused substances or drugs.