2.2. Study participants
40 subjects were enrolled in each of the four s including.
The UHR group was made up of people who satisfied at least one of the
following three Structured Inventory of Prodromal Syndrome (SIPS)
diagnostic criteria but did not actively seek out clinical assistance,
(1) Attenuated positive symptom states (APS), including sub threshold
delusional abnormalities; (2) Brief intermittent psychotic states
(BIPS); and (3) Genetic risk together with exacerbation status (GRDS).
The specific operation process is as follows. Patients with
schizophrenia were identified in outpatient clinics, wards, or in the
community according to ICD-10 criteria, and if any first-degree
relatives (parents, children, siblings) of the patient were between the
ages of 15 and 45, they were contacted by the investigator, and if the
family members of these patients with schizophrenia agreed to
participate in the study, the investigator interviewed these family
members and made assessment for them. All enrollees were evaluated at
the first meeting using the SIPS to determine if they met the criteria
for prodromal syndrome (COPS). Those who met COPS as assessed by the
SIPS were defined as having a psychiatric risk syndrome for inclusion in
the study. In short, 38 subjects satisfied the SIPS criterion for APS, 2
subjects met the SIPS GRDS requirements, and no subjects met the BIPS
criteria. Patients in the UHR group were all drug naive.
The recruitment process for the FEP is as follows. Patients with a
first-time diagnosis of schizophrenia on the basis of ICD-10 in the
community, outpatient or inpatient units were reported to our
researchers by their treating physicians, and our study proceeded to
further confirm that such patients were in their first episode, that the
duration of the illness was within one year, and that the family was
willing to enroll the patient in our FEP.
The enrollment procedure for the ReSch group is similar to that for the
FEP, except that the ReSch has two or more episodes and the disease
duration is greater than 1 year.
HC group was recruited by posting advertisements in the community, and
the diagnosis by the psychiatrist ruled out a history of diagnosis or
treatment history of psychiatric disorders and had no positive
psychiatric family history.
All participants were aged 15-45 years, able to sign an informed consent
form, were compliant with the study arrangements, were able to
understand the content of the questionnaire and could cooperate to
complete all the test examinations. Participants were excluded from this
study if (1) patients with severe or unstable physical diseases, (2)
patients with previous epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, or other
central nervous system organic diseases; (3) persons who are or have
been dependent on or abused substances or drugs.