Participants
Nurses from the emergency departments of two hospitals were recruited. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) a minimum of one year of experience working in the emergency department; (2) Impact of Event Impact Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores ranging from 12 (indicating at least one PTSD symptom) to 66 points (indicating an extremely high level of PTSD symptoms, which may require further clinical diagnosis and treatment); (3) willingness to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included: (1) previous participation in mindfulness training; (2) physical limitations preventing participation in longer mindfulness training; (3) clinical diagnosis of a severe mental disorder or current treatment with psychotropic drugs or interventions.