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\begin{document}

\title{Enrichment of ammonium in the future ocean threatens diatom productivity}



\author[1]{Pearse James Buchanan}%
\author[2]{Juan J Pierella Karlusich}%
\author[3]{Robyn Elizabeth Tuerena}%
\author[4]{Roxana Shafiee}%
\author[5]{Malcolm Woodward}%
\author[6]{Chris Bowler}%
\author[7]{Alessandro Tagliabue}%
\affil[1]{CSIRO}%
\affil[2]{FAS Division of Science, Harvard University}%
\affil[3]{Scottish Association for Marine Science}%
\affil[4]{Center for Environment, Harvard University}%
\affil[5]{Plymouth Marine Laboratory}%
\affil[6]{Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris 75005 Paris, France.}%
\affil[7]{University of Liverpool}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Diatoms are prominent eukaryotic photoautotrophs in today's oceans.
While dominant in nitrate-rich conditions, they face competitive
exclusion by other phytoplankton when ammonium forms the bulk of
bioavailable nitrogen. The extent to which this competitive exclusion
defines diatom abundance worldwide and the consequences of potential
future ammonium enrichment remain unexplored and unquantified. Here,
using phytoplankton abundance proxies from the Tara Oceans dataset and
an ocean-biogeochemical model, we demonstrate that ammonium enrichment
reduces diatom prevalence in marine ecosystems at the global-scale.
Under a high emission scenario, we anticipate 98\% of the euphotic zones
to experience ammonium enrichment by 2081-2100 and attribute a majority
(70\%) of future diatom displacement to competitive exclusion by other
phytoplankton as bioavailable nitrogen supply shifts from nitrate to
ammonium. Overall, the form of nitrogen emerges as a significant but
previously underestimated stressor affecting diatoms and ocean
ecosystems globally.%
\end{abstract}%



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