Genetic Diversity
440 base pair fragments of the matR marker were produced by 796 sequences obtained from 35 populations. The analysis of sequences contributed to 44 polymorphic sites and 28 (based on full length) /17 (based on six domains) haplotypes. The Hd ranges from (0-) 0.059 to 0.667, nucleotide diversity (Pi) from (0-) 0.00014 to 0.00280, average number of nucleotide differences (k) from 0.059 to 1.200, and the indel diversity (k(i)) from 0.228 to 1.333 (Figure 3A ,Supplementary Table S3 ). The HLH* population showed the highest Pi (0.00280), while the LH population revealed the lowest Pi (0.00014), and there were 13 populations with only one haplotype (Pi=0) (Supplementary Table S3) . The comparison of the average Pi among the five groups was: HB* (0.00112)>LN>HB>SX*>LN*(0.00023) (Figure 3A , Supplementary Table S3 ), suggesting the HB* group with the highest genetic diversity in the matR marker (there was no significant difference between the two pairs). The Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values of most populations did not deviate significantly from 0, indicating that the matR marker is a neutral locus and not mutated by the environment (Supplementary Table S3 ).
999 base pair fragments of the nad5-1 marker were produced by 873 sequences obtained from 38 populations. The analysis of sequences contributed to 88 polymorphic sites and 225/68 haplotypes. The Hd ranges from 0.927 to 1.000, nucleotide diversity (Pi) from 0.02488 to 0.08705, average number of nucleotide differences (k) from 11.41200 to 45.70000, and the indel diversity (k(i)) from 52.074 to 135.200 (Figure 3B , Supplementary Table S4 ). The ZJS* population showed the highest Pi (0.08705), while the HD2 (WD1) population revealed the lowest Pi (0.02488). The comparison of the average Pi among the five groups was: LN*(0.05233)>HB*>SX*>HB>LN(0.04251) (Figure 3B , Supplementary Table S4 ), suggesting the LN* group with the highest genetic diversity in the nad5-1 marker (there was no significant difference between the two pairs). The Tajima’s D values of most populations did not deviate significantly from 0, the Fu’s Fs values showed the way oppositely. Under the premise of considering only Tajima’s D value, the nad5-1 marker is also a neutral locus (Supplementary Table S4 ).