Literature search
A literature searches of the full text or abstracts available on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxive, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant evidence through September 20, 2023. A reference list of studies was scanned for additional citations. In addition, we searched clinical trial databases including ClinicalTrials.gov and the European Union Register of Clinical Trials to discover additional records. All these steps were conducted by two authors independently. There was no restriction on language. The key search terms used were SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Infliximab, safety, and efficacy. The search strategy used in PubMed is as follows: (Coronavirus[Title/Abstract]) OR (Coronavirus [MeSH Terms]) OR (COVID-19 [Title/Abstract]) OR (SARS-CoV-2 [Title/Abstract]) OR (COVID-19[MeSH Terms]) OR (SARS-CoV-2 [MeSH Terms]) OR (2019 novel coronavirus infection[Title/Abstract]) OR (2019-nCoV infection[Title/Abstract]) AND (Infliximab [Title/Abstract] OR (Remicade [Title/Abstract]).