3.1 Demographics and clinical features
In total, 10 patients (8 adults and 2 adolescents) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MOGAD overlapped with NMDAR encephalitis were included. The cohort consisted of 5 female and 5 male patients with a median age at onset of 23 years (range: 10–43). Demographic and clinical data are outlined in Table-1.
In patients with overlapping syndromes, the dominant symptom was encephalopathy (8/10), other manifestations included headache (7/10), fever (temperature range: 38.3–41.0℃) (6/10), optic neuritis (6/10), focal neurological deficits (4/10), and transverse myelitis (2/10) (frequency of symptoms summarized in Figure 1B). Encephalopathy was defined as a clinic syndrome, including psychiatric symptoms (6/8), seizures (3/8), and disturbance of consciousness (2/8). Common mental symptoms included agitation, hallucinations, slow response, and memory impairment. The focal neurological deficits referred to numbness or weakness of unilateral limb (4/4), verbal disorders (2/4), and ataxia (1/4).