Since the beginning of the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, an intense number of studies have been done in an attempt to discover effective therapies, not only from the point of view of discovering new drugs, but also from its repurposing. Recent studies have proposed tranexamic acid (TXA), a hemostatic drug widely used in clinical practice, as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19 as it reduces plasmin levels. Thus, this letter to the editor aims to provide a critical overview on the use of TXA in the treatment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

A prospective study was conducted to address the combined effect of Panax Ginseng and citicoline on human psychomotor performance and visual working memory in normal healthy volunteers. Eighty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: Group A (Control group, n=20) was placebo, Group B (Ginseng group, n=20) received Panax Ginseng, Group C (Citicoline group, n=20) received citicoline, and Group D (Combined group, n=20) received Panax Ginseng plus citicoline. Psychomotor performance, vigilance and visual working memory of normal healthy volunteers were assessed before and after 1-month therapy. Panax ginseng led to an improvement in most components of the psychomotor performance measures, arousal function and visual working memory accuracy (p<0.05), but did not significantly affected recognition reaction time (RRT) and 1-back working memory accuracy (p>0.05). Regarding citicoline treatment, it led to an improvement in psychomotor performance measures and visual working memory accuracy (p<0.05), but did not markedly changed arousal and vigilance (p>0.05). When citicoline and Panax ginseng were used in combination, a marked improvement in both psychomotor performances and visual working memory accuracy on healthy volunteers were stated (p<0.01). Panax ginseng and citicoline act synergistically on human psychomotor performance and visual working memory in normal healthy volunteers.