A Case Report: Concurrent Treatment Challenges and Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis coexisting Lung CancerWANG Na1, SHU Cao 1, WANG Yajiao2, LIU Ke1.The First People’s Hospital of Zigong 1. Cancer Center 2. Tuberculosis Department, Zigong, China.Corresponding author: SHU Cao,Deputy Chief Physician, Cancer Center of The First People’s Hospital of Zigong,[email protected]: Although the coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung carcinoma is rare, it poses challenges to treatment strategies. Understanding the clinical features and treatment outcomes of such patients is clinically significant. Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis and lung carcinoma, aiming to enhance clinicians’ comprehensive understanding of this condition. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a patient diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis coexisting with lung carcinoma at the First People’s Hospital of Zigong City. Pathological and microbiological diagnostics were employed, and the diagnostic and treatment experiences were summarized. Results: The patient was an elderly male presenting mainly with cough and hemoptysis. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with concomitant squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was confirmed through CT, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), and pathological biopsy. After anti-tuberculosis treatment, concurrent sequential radiotherapy, and two cycles of chemotherapy, the disease was assessed as partially relieved. Conclusion: Although the coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung carcinoma is rare, the comprehensive treatment in this case demonstrated favorable outcomes. Currently, there is no standardized treatment protocol for such patients, emphasizing the need for further research in this specific patient population.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis; non-small-cell lung cancer; radiotherapy; chemotherapy; anti-tuberculosis treatment.